5 Problems with Parallelism

5 Problems with Parallelism 5 Problems with Parallelism 5 Problems with Parallelism By Mark Nichol 1. â€Å"It was a serious distraction and threat to more meaningful reform efforts.† Something is wrong with this sentence. To diagnose the problem, remove one of the noun phrases from the beginning of the sentence and determine whether the remaining statement is still correct, then replace it and remove the other one. â€Å"It was a serious threat to more meaningful reform efforts† is correct, but â€Å"It was a serious distraction to more meaningful reform efforts† is jarring because the preposition is not idiomatically appropriate. The noun phrases are supported by different prepositions, so they cannot share the word to; assign the correct preposition to each one: â€Å"It was a serious distraction from and threat to more meaningful reform efforts.† Should the word threat be preceded by the article a to make it parallel with distraction? No, because serious applies to both nouns, and an additional article would isolate threat from the shared adjective. Also, the phrase â€Å"and threat to† appears to be parenthetical, but it’s not necessarily necessary to set it off by commas, parentheses, or em dashes. However, enclosing it in parentheses suggests a whispering insinuation, and using em dashes would signal a provocative interjection, so the context might merit either parenthetical strategy. In either case, though, threat should be assigned a repetition of serious â€Å"It was a serious distraction from (and a serious threat to) more meaningful reform efforts† or a distinct adjective (â€Å"It was a serious distraction from and a grave threat to more meaningful reform efforts.†) 2. â€Å"Elected officials and activists representing forty-five environmental groups attended the event.† When two or more nouns or noun phrases follow one or more adjectives (as in the previous example), the assumption is that the modifying word or words applies to each noun. In this case, however, the subject consists of the elements â€Å"elected officials† and â€Å"activists representing forty-five environmental groups† linked by a conjunction, not â€Å"elected officials (representing forty-five environmental groups)† and â€Å"(elected) activists representing forty-five environmental groups† joined by and. To clarify this distinction, recast the sentence: â€Å"Activists representing forty-five environmental groups, as well as elected officials, attended the event.† 3. â€Å"He has to be, if not the, one of the stupidest people in TV news.† The basic statement here is â€Å"He has to be one of the stupidest people in TV news,† but the writer has failed in an attempt to suggest the superlative as well, awkwardly implying also that â€Å"he has to be the stupidest person in TV news.† (The superlative is the ultimate form of an adjective, more extreme than the basic form stupid, in this case – and the comparative, stupider.) But â€Å"if not the† collides with â€Å"one of the†; the unstated and incorrect complete thought is, â€Å"He has to be the stupidest people in TV news.† To smooth out this disjointed sentence, introduce the superlative first in a complete thought, and then retreat to the milder criticism in a following modifying phrase: â€Å"He has to be if not the stupidest person in TV news, then one of the stupidest.† Note that a comma does not follow be, because doing so would imply that two commas are necessary to set â€Å"if not the stupidest person in TV news† off from the basic sentence â€Å"He has to be then one of the stupidest,† and that’s a faulty grammatical analysis. This sentence is constructed from a simple â€Å"if, then† foundation, so use a single comma to separate the two propositions. 4. â€Å"He kept a house there as well as homes in rural Oxfordshire, England, and Miami.† This sentence implies that the subject kept three additional homes: one in Oxfordshire, one in England, and one in Miami. (It also incorrectly suggests that, as in the second example above, a single adjective applies to all nouns that follow.) What the writer meant, as we determine momentarily which is one moment too late is that one additional residence is located in Oxfordshire, England, and another is in Miami. When one or more â€Å"city, state† or â€Å"city, nation† constructions are associated with a â€Å"city† reference, the sentence must be revised to clarify the hierarchy of referents. One solution is to distance the two objects with proprietary prepositions: â€Å"He kept a house there as well as homes in rural Oxfordshire, England, and in Miami.† Another, clearer choice is to do so but also place the simpler referent first: â€Å"He kept a house there as well as homes in Miami and in rural Oxfordshire, England.† 5. â€Å"The company was to be paid between $300 and $400 million.† This â€Å"you know what I meant† bungle is inoffensive but incorrect, and should be corrected on principle because a similar but more egregiously ambiguous construction would definitely merit revision, so why be inconsistent and excuse one but not the other? The two figures in question are $300 million and $400 million, and for the sake of clarity, the first instance of million should not be elided: â€Å"The company was to be paid between $300 million and $400 million.† The same principle applies if the range is separated by the word to: â€Å"The company was to be paid $300 million to $400 million.† However, when the sentence does not apply to orders of magnitude â€Å"Compliance ranged from 50 to 75 percent† the operative word need not be repeated, because no ambiguity about the relation of the first number to the second one exists. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the Future75 Idioms and Expressions That Include â€Å"Break†When to use "an"

Dorothy Height Quotations

Dorothy Height Quotations Dorothy Height, a key figure in the American civil rights movement, worked for many years for the YWCA, and also headed the National Council of Negro Women for more than 50 years. Selected Dorothy Height Quotations If you worry about who is going to get credit, you dont get much work done. Greatness is not measured by what a man or woman accomplishes, but by the opposition, he or she has overcome to reach his goals. I was inspired by Mary McLeod Bethune, not only to be concerned but to use whatever talent I had to be of some service in the community. As I reflect on the hope and challenges facing women in the 21st century, I am also reminded of the protracted struggles of African-American women who joined together as SISTERS in 1935 in response to Mrs. Bethunes call. It was an opportunity to deal creatively with the fact that Black women stood outside of Americas mainstream of opportunity, influence, and power. I want to be remembered as someone who used herself and anything she could touch to work for justice and freedom.... I want to be remembered as one who tried. A Negro woman has the same kind of problems as other women, but she cant take the same things for granted. As more women enter public life, I see developing a more humane society. The growth and development of children no longer will depend solely upon the status of their parents. Once again, the community as the extended family will rekindle its caring and nurturing. Though children cannot vote, their interests will be placed high on the political agenda. For they are indeed the future. 1989, about using the term black or African-American: As we move ahead into the 21st century and look at a unified way of fully identifying with our heritage, our present, and our future, our use of African-American is not a matter of putting down one to pick up the other. It is a recognition that weve always been African and American, but we are now going to address ourselves in those terms and make a unified effort to identify with our African brothers and sisters and with our own heritage. African-American has the potential of helping us to rally. But unless we identify with the full meaning, the term wont make a difference. It becomes merely a label. When we started using the term Black, it was more than a color. It came at a time when our young people in marches and sit-ins made the cry Black Power. It represented the Black experience in the United States and the Black experience of those throughout the world who were oppressed. We are at a different point now. The struggle continues, but its more subtle. Therefore, we need, in the strongest ways we can, to show our unity as a people and not just as a people of color. It was not easy for those of us who had become symbols of the struggle for equality to see our children raising their fists in defiant contradiction of all we had fought for. No one will do for you what you need to do for yourself. We cannot afford to be separate. We have to see that all of us are in the same boat. But were all in the same boat now, and weve got to learn to work together. We are not a problem people; we are a people with problems. We have historic strengths; we have survived because of family. We have to improve life, not just for those who have the most skills and those who know how to manipulate the system. But also for and with those who often have so much to give but never get the opportunity. Without community service, we would not have a strong quality of life. Its important to the person who serves as well as the recipient. Its the way in which we ourselves grow and develop. Weve got to work to save our children and do it with full respect for the fact that if we do not, no one else is going to do it. There is no contradiction between effective law enforcement and respect for civil and human rights. Dr. King did not stir us to move for our civil rights to have them taken away in these kinds of fashions. The Black family of the future will foster our liberation, enhance our self-esteem, and shape our ideas and goals. I believe we hold in our hands the power once again to shape not only our own but the nations future a future that is based on developing an agenda that radically challenges limitations in our economic development, educational achievement, and political empowerment. Undoubtedly, African-Americans will have an integral role to play, although our path ahead will continue to be complex and difficult. As we move forward, let us also look back. So long as we remember those who died for our right to vote and those like John H. Johnson who built empires where there were none, we will walk into the future with unity and strength. More About Dorothy Height Dorothy Height BiographyWomen and the Civil Rights MovementMary McLeod Bethune About These Quotes Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection  © Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote. Citation information:Jone Johnson Lewis. Dorothy Height Quotes. About Womens History. URL: http://womenshistory.about.com/od/quotes/a/dorothy_height.htm.

Discussion 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discussion 2 - Essay Example Opportunities Most likely, MIT chose to create MIT OCW to draw more candidates to the school and to keep previous students and alumni skills sharp. MIT student are known for being smart top of the line candidates for corporate America. Knowledge is very important and there are so many benefits of the site. The top five favorites are the following 1).Those who do not want to register for school can peruse the site and learn applicable information to utilize in the job force.2). Professors and educators alike can utilize the information to shadow classes or lectures they may have to teach, financially it does not cost because there is no registration fee. 3) There are no prerequisites to use MIT Open Course Ware materials. MIT OCW is not a distance learning, credit bearing or degree granting initiative; there are no prerequisites to use MIT OCW materials. 4) You do not have to speak English. MIT OCW materials translate into non English languages. However, any MIT OCW materials translat ed into other languages from the original English must be accompanied by the MIT disclaimer regarding the materials. 5) Downloadable video files are available to save to disk or hard drive. Some of the videos are available on YouTube in flash streaming format and links to the videos are on iTunesU which requires an Apple’s free iTunes application. Students and professors alike both benefit from the site. However, those who do not benefit are from the site are those who may want to utilize the information as an accredited learning experience and may not list it as such when applying for employment opportunities. They publish 50 new courses every year and update 100 older courses with new materials every year so that the individual can check back for updates. That is what this site does to the general body of knowledge  represented in the courses taught by MIT. Even though all of the course materials for MIT Sloan courses are free to everyone on line, they should one want to attend Sloan because it is a prestigious type educational experience; one that does not have to cease but the success can progress over time. Discussion MIT Open Course Ware is free and requires no registration. It is good for high school students and educators because you can browse by department or check highlights for high school. MIT Open Course Ware (OCW) is a web-based publication of virtually all MIT course content. OCW is open and available to the world and is a permanent MIT activity. OCW is a publication of the course materials that support the dynamic classroom interactions of an MIT education; it is not a degree granting or credit bearing initiative. You as the individual have the opportunity of working at your own pace. To find out what courses are available, a site overview is available for MIT Open Course Ware. The individuals also have the option of browsing courses by department by utilizing the advance search to locate a specific course or topic. The benefit of thi s is that there is no registration or enrolment process because OCW is not a credit bearing or degree granting initiative. However, each course published requires an investment of $10,000 to 15,000 to compile course materials from faculty in order to ensure proper licensing from open sharing and format materials for global distribution bottom line you have the ability to receive free lecture

Technology of Information Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Technology of Information Security - Essay Example As technological advancement keeps coming, several reliable cryptography methods are continuing to emerge. Data encryption has a number of advantages and disadvantages. Its disadvantages come mainly because the technology is sometimes not used as required. Cryptography is a very powerful and important technology that can be used to protect information sent to emails and all financial based transactions. Information needs to be shared in order to make various decisions that govern various activities. For this reason, information should be as confidential as possible for sustainability and accuracy of its use. Data encryption techniques offer a solution for the protection of information against all third parties. The techniques are basically needed for information to be encrypted whereby one party shares its information with a recipient. On the other hand, enemies can hack into people’s accounts and plot violence against a country with knowledge of cryptography. Some governments want to restrict its use for fear of criminals and spies using the technology for their good and to the disadvantage of the nation. How Encryption Technique works Encryption is a process whereby messages are converted into a form that has been created that without decrypting or deciphering, they cannot be read. Encryption uses a systematic procedure or algorithm which converts messages or data to their original form. The cryptologists are engaged in competition that will never end in a bid to create better and stronger techniques that will be used by parties to protect their data. Although other methods of deciphering exist, the recent systems are more powerful to an extent that they are almost unbreakable even with the use of powerful computers. The new cryptosystems use mathematical formulae that are very complex and which effectively resist breakthroughs. The Use of PGB There are several popular encryption systems used in the world today. They include the data encryption standar d (DES), pretty good privacy (PGB), and the Rivest Shamir, Adleman (ARS) system. The DES system uses a single key and it has been developed in the USA. The RSA on the other hand uses two keys and was generally made just for the public use and named after the people who developed it (Frazier2004). Pretty Good Privacy (PGB) helps internet users to keep all their communications private. It is a two key system which enables a computer to send encrypted messages using a chosen private key that only the sender knows. All the computers that will receive the email message are given a copy of the private key which later establishes the message sender. When using the public key method, the one who sends the message and the receiver are both able to authenticate each other and also protect the message which is usually secret. Advantages of Encryption Techniques Encryption techniques make information unreadable to people who are not supposed to access the information. This is very important to many organizations because no third party can access information without being allowed to do so by the sender. The information cannot be accessed even through the administrator’s server leave alone other computers. This improves loyalty and secrecy in the organization or any governments in the world today. Data encryption is regarded as a national issue by governments because it majorly

Income Inequality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Income Inequality - Essay Example The main reason he foresaw an evolution was due to the recurrent nature of income inequality. In an income inequality situation, the richer keep getting richer due to a better income, while the poor keep getting poorer. The gap between the top earners and the low-income earners keeps widening in an income inequality situation. In America, almost 95% of the national wealth is under 5% ownership; this situation leaves 95% of the population to scrounge for the limited 5% wealth (DeNavas et. Al, 2005). For economic inequality study, a family makes the ideal study unit. In the study, the family’s income is under analysis, and then the family members ranked from the lowest income earner to the highest income earner. After the ranking, the incomes aid in establishing a Lorenz curve that is important in analysis of income. In order for a Lorenz curve to be correct, the incomes of the family members have to be divided into fifths (Lorenz, 1905). A Lorenz curve enables analysis of data by adding the percentage value of the lowest fifth to the next higher fifth, which becomes the first point of the curve. The second point in the curve comes about through adding the first point to the middle fifth of the derived incomes. The process of plotting continues until exhaustion of all cumulative values of member incomes (Lorenz, 1905). For a perfect Lorenz curve, all members in a family would earn the same amount and the Lorenz curve would be a diagonal with the lowest point being the lower left hand corner moving progressively towards the higher right hand corner. This diagonal shows an ideal situation and it is the baseline in determining income inequality. Since not all family members receive an equal income, the Lorenz curve turns out as a curve instead of a diagonal. The area between the curve and the diagonal dictates the measure of inequality from one member of a given family to the next member (Lorenz, 1905). Income

Organic Solar Cells History, Principles and Efficiency

Organic Solar Cells History, Principles and Efficiency Solar Cells Solar cells are cells or devices use for converting sunlight into electric cur ­rent (electricity) or voltage. They are also called photovoltaic cells (PV) or devices and the process of generating electricity from sunlight is called pho ­toelectric effect. Solar Energy conversion through photovoltaic effect can be achieved with many materials at different lifetimes. Over the years many research and development have been conducted in the area of solar energy (thin film applications)[1]-[3]. But most of these developments have been in inorganic solar cells with conventional silicon base solar cells dominating in the production of solar energy in the commercial market [4]-[5]. Silicon base cells for thin film application have enormous advantages like good absorp ­tion rate of sunlight, suitable band gap for photovoltaic applications, longer lifetimes and improving efficiency. But the process of silicon base cells gen ­eration of voltage is tedious and above all very expensive fo r the commercial market. Research for alternatives to silicon has been ongoing for some time now with some other inorganic materials like Copper Indium Gallium Sele ­nium (Cu-In-Ga-Se)[6], Cadmium Sulfide (CdS)[7], Lead Cadmium Sulfide (PbCdS)[8], etc. But some have similar production problems like the silicon and as well expensive. Others also are of dangerous elements which are not environmentally friendly (CdS, PbCdS, etc). Another alternative to silicon base cells in terms of thin film (solar cells) research for photovoltaic applica ­tion could be organic solar cells (also known as plastic solar cells)[9]. With this, photocurrents are generated from organic materials. In this review, brief history of organic solar cells is discussed, the basic principle of operation is outlined and some performance in terms of the materials absorption rate, efficiency, stability and degradation and comparison between organic solar cells and inorganic solar cells (silicon) are also discussed. Chapter 2 Organic Solar cells (Plastic Solar cells) The infancy of organic solar cells began in the late 1950s [10]. At this time, photoconductivity in some organic semiconductor cells (anthracene, chlorophyll) were measured with voltage of 1 V by some research groups[11] ­[12].They proposed that if a single layer PV cell is illuminated consisting of an organic layer, sandwich cell with low work function metal (aluminum, Al) and a conducting glass of high work function (indium tin oxide, ITO), photoconductivity will be observed. With this interesting result and less cost effective of these organic semiconductor cells and also a possibility of doping these materials to achieve more encouraging results caught up with many researchers in this field. The work done since has been unprecedented as shown in figure 2.1 on the next page. In the 1960s, semiconducting properties were observed in dyes partic ­ularly in methylene blue [13]. Efficiency of 10−5 % in sunlight conversion was reported in the early 1970s to an improvement of 1 % in the early 1980s [14]. This was achieved through an interesting phenomenon known as heterojunction[15]. This phenomenon is a surface between semiconduct ­ing materials of dissimilar layers. Photovoltaic devices were applied with heterojunction where donor-acceptor organic cells were tailored together. In recent years, photoconductivity has been measured in dyes and the dye so ­lar cells have progressively been improved for laboratory cells[16]. Currently power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics in single-junction devices is over 9 %[17] and that of multi-junction cell is over 12 %[18]. Some materials of organic solar cells are dyes and some polymers like origomers[19], dendrimers[20], liquid crystal materials[21] and self-assembled monolayers [22]. All these need to be prepared carefully to obtain optimum efficiency and stability[23] Figure 2.1: Number of publications is plotted against the year of publications. This shows the inception of organic solar cells and how much interest the field has generated among scientists and the commercial entities over the years. Years below 1990 saw less publication (1960 to 1970 -10 and 1980 to 1990  ­29) compared to the years in the figure. Principle of Operations. In recent time, organic solar cells are of different operations due to their usage. Similar to inorganic solar cells, organic solar cells can be used to convert sunlight into electricity with the aid of a semiconductor. The basic principle behind this operation is outline below: Most organic solar cells have very thin material layer either single or multi-layer where there is a strong absorption of light sandwich between two electrodes, an anode (A) and a cathode (C). The anode (usually indium tin oxide ITO) is transparent and has a high work function. The cathode (aluminum) is opaque and has a low work function. The material layer is usually a photosensitive organic semiconductor. When light of appropriate energy (sunlight) is incident on it, an electron is excited from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to a lower uncopied state called lowest uncopied molecular orbital (LUMO) leaving a hole in the HOMO. This leads to exciton formation. That is, there is a creation of an electron-hole pair which is strongly bounded together. As the electron stays at the LUMO, there is a loss in energy by the electron through thermal relaxation as the electron penetrates the energy band gap. The electron-hole pair diffuses in ­dependent of the electric field and are separated (exciton dissociation) at the interface between the donor state (HOMO) and the accepter state (LUMO). The electron is collected at one end of the electrode (cathode) and the hole at the other end of the electrode (anode) thereby generation photocurrent in the process. If the electron and the hole after separation do not reach the interface, their absorbed energies are dissipated out and no photocurrent is generated. Step by step principle is illustrated in pictorial form below: Figure 3.2: a) Light is incident on an electron (red). (b) Electron is excited from the HOMO to the LUMO creating a hole (black) at the HOMO. (c) Exciton formation of electronhole pair. (d) Diffusion of exciton independent of electric field. (e) Exciton dissociation. (f) Collection of charges. Chapter 4 Performance 4.1 Absorption of light. In organic solar cells, the thin organic semiconducting layer is responsible for light absorption. This layer has a valence band which is densed with electrons and a conduction band. These bands are separated by an energy gap. When the layer absorbs light, an excited state is created. This state is characterized by an energy gap. The energy gap is the energy difference between the higher energy state (LUMO) and the lower energy state (HOMO). It is usually of the range of (1.0 -4.0) eV[24] and it is determined as: Eg = ELUMO − EHOMO . (4.1) Where Eg is the energy gap in electron volts (eV), ELUMO is the energy at LUMO (higher energy state) and EHOMO is the energy at HOMO (lower energy state). The energy gap usually serves as an activation energy barrier. This acti ­vation energy barrier needs to be overcome before an electron is excited from the lower energy state to the higher energy state. The excited electron has energy greater than or equal to this activation energy barrier. This energy is determined as: h.c Ephoton = ≠¥ Eg . (4.2)ÃŽ »photon Where Ephoton is the energy of the incident photon (light), h is Plancks constant (6.626 Ãâ€"10−34 Js), c is speed of light (2.997 Ãâ€"108 ms−1) and ÃŽ »photon is wavelength of the photon (≈ (400 -700) nm). As the excited electron remains at the LUMO, a hole is created in the HOMO. The electron undergoes thermal relaxation as it remains at the LUMO and this result in loss of energy by the electron. This energy loss is compensated for as: El = Eelectron − Eg . (4.3) Where El is thermal energy loss of the electron, Eelectron is the energy of the electron at the LUMO and Eg is the energy gap. Figure 4.1: (a) Thin organic semiconductor layer (with both LUMO and HOMO) with energy gap (Eg). (b) Incident light of greater energy than the energy gap excites electron (red) from HOMO to LUMO. This creates a hole (black) at the HOMO (c) Energy lost by the electron through thermal relaxation. 4.2 Stability and Degradation In solar cell application, long operational lifetime performance is required. To achieve this, stability and degradation are few of the key important issues to look at in real-time application. Over the years, stability of organic solar cells has improved very much in terms of their power conversions[25]. This is clearly shown in the figure below: Ideally the advantages of organic solar cells with their low cost materi ­als, recyclable, easy production and production in large quantities, à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡exibility and durability (low weight), stability should be optimum. These advantages somehow also affect the stability of the organic cells. The active layer (thin organic semiconducting layer) component which is a core component of the cells is sometimes prone to degradations. These degradations occur dur ­ing their production (printing in bulk quantities and rolling them together thereby introducing some mechanical properties which then affect the mor ­phology of the active layer) and also reactions from weathering (UV light, oxygen, water). Extensive work on photo stability of some organic solar cells (large number of polymers) has been investigated by Manceau et al[27]. Figure 4.2: Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) production with progression in years shown. The years below 2010 had lower production of OPVs (> 0.5 MW) [26]. Chapter 5 Comparism between organic solar cells and inorganic solar cells (Silicon base solar cells). Organic and inorganic solar cells serve similar applications but they interest ­ing differences in terms of how they are made. Organic solar cells are cheap in terms of materials, production and are recyclable, they have very thin solar cells with little energy in making them, they are à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡exible, durable and have low weight, they are colourful and they have easy production and can be produced in large areas. But they have low efficiency and lifetime compared to silicon base solar cells. Inorganic solar cells are cost effective in terms of materials, production and are not recyclable, much energy is need to have thin layer cells, they are rigid and not durable, they are of dark grey materials with dark blue to black coat ­ing, they have complicated production and are difficult to produce in large areas. But they have good light absorption rate, better efficiency and longer lifetime. Chapter 6 Conclusion Organic solar cells can be alternative to silicon base solar cells with its in ­teresting applications. They can be fabricated into our day to day usage materials and equipment with low cost technology in serving their purpose. Efficiency and stability still remains areas that should be addressed in the future to optimally have good power conversions.

The Use of Characterization and Symbolism in Fitzgeralds The Great Gat

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby focuses on the corruption of the American dream during the 1920‘s. For the duration of this time period, the American dream was no longer about hard work and reaching a set goal, it had become materialistic and immoral. Many people that had honest and incorruptible dreams, such as Jay Gatsby, used corrupted pathways to realize their fantasy. People’s carelessness was shown through their actions and speech towards others. Fitzgerald uses characterization and symbolism from different characters and items to convey the corruption of the American dream. Fitzgerald expresses the corruption of the American dream through the use of characterization of different characters. Daisy is one of the few characters that could get what she wanted but does not because of her own rules. She has set standards that she would not lower for anyone, even those she loves. The Jazz age had many flaws, inconsiderate actions was a major flaw. Her carelessness shows her attitude towards others. â€Å"Her eyes fell on Jordan and me with a sort of appeal, as though she realized at last what she was doing—and as though she had never, all along, intended doing anything at all.† Daisy had just realized that the affair between Gatsby and herself was real to him. She was insulting his American dream of having her, therefore she was corrupted. When she was with Gatsby she lived in a daydream, carefree and happy, as she says â€Å"Look at that,† she whispered, and then after a moment: â€Å"I’d like to just get one of those pink clouds and put you in it and push you around.† Daisy just states her fantasy, she wants Gatsby, but in reality she knows she cannot have him, consequently she again insults Gatsby’s hope of having her. Fit... ...pectacles which pass over a nonexistent nose.† The all seeing eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg see through the corrupt colored eye glasses. God was watching all the dishonesty take place and those who did wrong were punished. In the novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald used characterization and symbolism to exemplify the corruption of the American dream during the post World War One era. Pre-war society had not grown out to big urban cities and the fast world of the east coast. As WWI commenced, many Americans had to go to cities and work in factories, including women. As a wartime measure women were granted the right to vote which gave women freedom. As a result after the World War, many Americans lived in the cities, where the corruption and infidelity began. The American dream was being soiled, the uphill battle that had once existed to success was no more.

Mm Approach

Qus4. What are the assumptions of MM approach? Ans. Assumption of the MM approach The MM approach to irrelevance of dividend is based on the following assumptions: * The capital markets are perfect and the investors behave rationally. * All information is freely available to all the investors. * There is no transaction cost. * Securities are divisible and can be split into any fraction. No investor can affect the market price. * There are no taxes and no flotation cost. The firm has a defined investment policy and the future profits are known with certainty. The implication is that the investment decisions are unaffected by the dividend decision and the operating cash flows are same no matter which dividend policy is adopted. The model Under the assumptions stated above, MM argue that neither the firm paying dividends nor the shareholders receiving the dividends will be adversely affected by firms paying either too little or too much dividends.They have used the arbitrage process to show that the division of profits between dividends and retained earnings is irrelevant from the point of view of the shareholders. They have shown that given the investment opportunities, a firm will finance these either by ploughing back profits of if pays dividends, then will raise an equal amount of new share capital externally by selling new shares. The amount of dividends paid to existing shareholders will be replaced by new share capital raised externally.In order to satisfy their model, MM has started with the following valuation model. P0= 1* (D1+P1)/ (1+ke) Where, P0 =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Present market price of the share Ke =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cost of equity share capital D1 =   Ã‚  Ã‚   Expected dividend at the end of year 1 P1 =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Expected market price of the share at the end of year 1 With the help of this valuation model we will create a arbitrage process, i. e. , replacement of amount paid as dividend by the issue of fresh capital.The arbitrage process i nvolves two simultaneous actions. With reference to dividend policy the two actions are: * Payment of dividend by the firm * Rising of fresh capital. With the help of arbitrage process, MM have shown that the dividend payment will not have any effect on the value of the firm. Even if the firm pays dividends, resulting in a increase in market value of the share, the effect on the value of the firm will be neutralised by the decrease in terminal value of the share.

Los Dreamers y su situación migratoria especial

Los Dreamers y su situacià ³n migratoria especial Uno de los asuntos ms debatidos en materia migratoria es el futuro de los muchachos  denominados Dreamers o soà ±adores. Pero,  ¿quià ©nes son estos jà ³venes y quà © derechos migratorios tienen y cules son los proyectos de ley? Adems, se explica cules son los efectos y las fechas a tener en cuenta con la decisià ³n del presidente Trump de poner fin al programa DACA y cules son las bases de la demanda presentada por 15 estados para paralizar en corte la decisià ³n del gobierno federal. Situacià ³n legal actual El 5 de septiembre de 2017 el Fiscal General de los Estados Unidos, el seà ±or Jeff Sessions, ha anunciado el fin del programa conocido como Accià ³n Diferida o DACA que protegà ­a a los Dreamers frente a la Deportacià ³n y les reconocà ­a la posibilidad de sacar un permiso de trabajo renovable cada 2 aà ±os. Esta proteccià ³n fue creada por orden ejecutiva del presidente Barack Obama en 2012 y que en 5 aà ±os protegià ³ a ms de 800 mil jà ³venes de la deportacià ³n, adems de permitirles otros alivios. El anuncio del seà ±or Sessions NO supone el fin inmediato de DACA, sino que: El programa finalizar con fecha de 5 de marzo de 2018. Mientras tanto, los permisos de trabajo siguen vlidos y los Dreamers con Accià ³n Diferida aprobada estn protegidos frente a posible deportacià ³n.Desde ya NO se admiten solicitudes nuevas para acogerse a este programaSi se tiene  DACA aprobada  y  expira antes del 5 de marzo del 2018 o ese dà ­a, entonces se puede pedir una renovacià ³n, aunque hacerlo antes del 5 de octubre de 2017.Los permisos de trabajo y la proteccià ³n frente a la deportacià ³n otorgada por la accià ³n diferida, todo parece indicar, irn venciendo en la fecha prevista en cada caso. Por ejemplo, si vence con fecha del 6 de julio de 2019, es vlida mientras no llegue ese dà ­a.  Si se tiene aprobado con fecha anterior al 5 de septiembre de 2017 un permiso de advance parole para viajar fuera de los Estados Unidos, entonces se puede viajar. Sin embargo, como este es un asunto muy delicado, se recomienda consultarlo con un abogado o con una organiz acià ³n de apoyo a Dreamers y en caso de duda, no viajar. Si se presentà ³ la solicitud para el advance parole pero todavà ­a no hay respuesta, el USCIS  no lo tramitar pero sà ­ regresar el importe pagado en concepto de cuota.A partir del 5 de septiembre del 2017 no se pueden presentar solicitudes nuevas de advance parole para viajar fuera de los Estados Unidos. En principio  llegado el 5 de marzo  de 2018 los Dreamers podrà ­an  haber comenzado a ser deportados y sus permisos de trabajos dejarà ­an de ser vlidos en las fechas en ellos consignadas. Sin embargo, eso se ha paralizado por orden de una sentencia judicial. Por ahora, los Dreamers que han tenido la accià ³n diferida aprobada pueden seguir solicitando su renovacià ³n. Sin embargo, no pueden salir de Estados Unidos, ni siquiera con advance parole, ni se pueden pedir acciones diferidas nuevas. Demanda de los estados en contra de la decisià ³n de finalizar DACA 15  estados y el Distrito de Columbia  se han sumado para presentar una  demanda  en contra del gobierno federal por la decisià ³n de Trump de finalizar el programa DACA. La demanda, que ha sido presentada en el Distrito Eastern  del estado de Nueva York, est liderada por el fiscal general de ese estado y la de Massachusetts. Adems, se han unido los de Carolina del Norte, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa,  Nuevo Mà ©xico, Oregà ³n, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Washington y el Distrito de Columbia. Los estados argumentan que la decisià ³n de Trump de finalizar DACA tiene 4 problemas desde el punto de vista legal. Por una parte,  violarà ­a en dos ocasiones la Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo. Adems, por otra parte violarà ­a 2 tipos de protecciones otorgadas por la Constitucià ³n: al  debido  proceso y a la igualdad ante la ley.   Este à ºltimo punto se basa en que la decisià ³n de Trump tiene por objeto perjudicar a un grupo de personas por razones de su origen, ya que cuatro de cada cinco muchachos beneficiados por DACA son  mexicanos o centroamericanos. Se espera una ardua batalla legal en Corte. Propuesta de ley en el Senado Segà ºn el proyecto de ley liderado por los senadores Graham (republicano de Carolina del Sur) y Durbin (demà ³crata de Illinois) los Dreamers podrà ­a sacar la green card si cumplen una serie de requisitos, como por ejemplo, llevar 4 aà ±os o ms en Estados Unidos, haber llegado antes de cumplir los 17aà ±os de edad, tener un rà ©cord limpio, pasar un examen de inglà ©s, haber obtenido el tà ­tulo de high school o equivalente y haber trabajado por 3 aà ±os. Por ahora esto es solo un proyecto de ley y para convertirse en ley tendrà ­a que ser aprobado en la Cmara de Representantes y en el Senado. Esta iniciativa se presentà ³ poco despuà ©s de que el congresista  congresista Luis Gutià ©rrez, tras reunirse con otros miembros del causus Hispano con el Secretario de Seguridad Interna el seà ±or John Kelly, afirmase que tanto los Dreamers como los beneficiarios de los que se conoce como TPS deben prepararse para lo peor. El congresista Gutià ©rrez apuntà ³Ã‚  a la posibilidad real de que tanto el programa DACA para Dreamers como el TPS puedan finalizar, dando paso a deportaciones masivas. Quià ©nes son los muchachos conocidos como Dreamer y en quà © consiste DACA Los Dreamers son aproximadamente 2.1 millones de indocumentados que llegaron a Estados Unidos siendo nià ±os.   Aproximadamente 800  mil  Dreamers se han beneficiado de la accià ³n diferida ordenada el 15 de junio de 2012 por el presidente Obama. Los que tienen este beneficio aprobado: No son  deportadospueden solicitar permiso de trabajo por dos aà ±os, renovable.pueden pedir un Nà ºmero del Seguro Socialpueden sacar la licencia de manejar Para poder acogerse a este beneficio de la accià ³n diferida (DACA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) hay que cumplir con una serie de requisitos de edad, estancia en Estados Unidos, estudios o servicio en el Ejà ©rcito y no tener rà ©cord penal. Cada dos aà ±os deben renovar DACA para conservar sus beneficios. Asesorà ­a migratoria Estas 13 organizaciones para asesorarse sobre todos los temas que tienen que ver con DACA. Tambià ©n destacar, entre muchas, 2 pginas webs que conviene seguir como como son My Undocumented Live y United We Dream ya que siempre estn a lo à ºltimo en este asunto. Esta à ºltima organizacià ³n es tambià ©n muy combativa defendiendo los derechos de los Dreamers. Otro telà ©fono interesante para buscar asesoramiento es el de la Hispanic Federation, que aunque est basada en Nueva York puede proporcionar ayuda y/o buenas referencias en otros estados. El telà ©fono es el 866-432-9832. Asimismo, y dado el clima actual de incertidumbre, lo ms aconsejable es asesorarse con abogados competentes o asociacià ³n de apoyo a migrantes, particularmente a Dreamers, sobre si existe alguna posibilidad real de regularizacià ³n de la situacià ³n.  Los  caminos para la legalizacià ³n  no son muchos, pero en algunos casos es posible.   Al mismo tiempo es fundamental no caer và ­ctima de fraude por parte de personas sin escrà ºpulos que pueden aprovecharse de la desesperacià ³n de las personas. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Seminoles essays

Seminoles essays During the first century, or rather (1789-1812), there were many confrontations between the Seminoles and Americans. From trading with them to having a war with them, living on the same land meant there were going to interactions. When the Seminoles first arrived in the state of Florida, there were very few Indians around. They knew if they wanted to stick around, they were all going to have to come together as one. That is how the Seminoles were formed. In order to preserve their welfare, they hunted, fished, farmed, and raised cattle. Luckily, they occupied the richest land in Florida. With the goods they had, they traded with the Spanish for coffee, sugar, and tobacco. The Seminole tribe was a group of men who were fearless warriors. They vowed to never surrender until they could not fight any more. In addition, with their sense of morality, they believed that people shouldnt be used as slaves. This belief led to many wars with the Americans. The Americans wanted to use the blacks as slaves, but the Seminoles would just free up the captured slaves each and every time. As a result, in the year of 1812, the Americans sent an army into the Seminole country. Villages were burned along with the herds of horses and cattle taken. It was an ongoing warfare till a treaty was completed in 1823. It guaranteed that the Seminoles would have a 4 million-acre settlement where they could live in peace. With these interactions in mind, the Seminoles experience more negative feedback than positive. This led to them never accepting a friendship from a white man. ...

An empirical analysis of the components of retailer customer loyalty Essay

An empirical analysis of the components of retailer customer loyalty programs - Essay Example ks into one of the ways of capturing customer for loyalty and retention for the continuous competitive advantage of a business enterprise – through a retailer customer loyalty program. The concept of customer loyalty program is simple and yet complicated because of the multiple activities related to it but the goal is always the same – to encourage repeat business. Often, the business enterprises or the retailers, as they are the focus of this study offer a membership club to its customers. The members are then entitled to benefits, perks, privileges, discount schemes or whatever activities and benefits that the company has lined up exclusive to these member-customers. As the study by Fiorito, Gable and Tople stated: â€Å"one means of achieving loyalty, from the activities engaged in by retailers (e.g. measuring customer satisfaction; handling complaints) to the benefits being offered (e.g. providing financial incentives to customers; sending customers thank you notes) that contribute to maintaining a long-lasting, permanent relationship with customers† (Fiorito, Gable and Tople, 2006, p 32). to determine the benefits offered to customers and activities taken by retailers whether or not they have formal customer loyalty programs, whether there are differences in the benefits/activities of retailers with and without formal loyalty programs whether specific benefits/activities of retailers can predict whether or not they have formal loyalty programs (Fiorito, Gable and Tople, 2006, p 32). It also wanted to know the evaluation of the existing customer loyalty programs by its perceived success through meeting the enterprise’s expectations and increase in sales and if the program will be implemented continuously (2006, p 34). Thus, these are three specific areas explored by the study. Primarily, it was aimed to know the specific benefits and activities that were designed for the customers in line with the customer loyalty schemes even if the retailers do

Case about the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRG) Assignment

Case about the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRG) - Assignment Example The intention of this study is the ICRC as an international organization that has faced with major global challenges due to the fact that its workforce comes from different cultural backgrounds. The level of cultural change is very minimal and measures need to be taken to improve the situation. If well managed, global diversity can ensure that resources of ICRC are harnessed and transformed into very important asset for the organization. However, this cannot be realized in the absence of a change in the culture of the organization. HR functional practices need to transcend across all departments and be supported with a good culture that encompasses all the needs of its employees. The issues that affect ICRC have been in existence for quite some time now but effective measures have not been undertaken to ensure that they are tackled in the global perspective and the organization is still clouded with origin issues where the Swiss culture seems to play a deciding role in what happens w ithin the headquarters of the organization and without in other foreign missions. There is a general assumption in this study that achieving a global diversity through cultural change is possible if well managed. Certain limitations do exist such as resources to be applied in such a massive restructuring program to meet the objectives of the plan. The refining of specialist HR supported functions is very essential if ICRC has to realize its objectives and this will have to be done through a program which paves the way for a change in culture. Certain key factors for such an ambitious program have been outlined and analyzed. There are critical elements which need to be put into account to enable the organization achieve this course. Conclusion has been drawn putting in mind the key concepts or theories relevant to the subject and these have been related to the evidence as far as the facts are concerned. Recommendations made are in line with the program that has been discussed in the analysis. These recommendations are actually some of the crucial things that need to be done in order to realize the success of this plan. An implementation program has been set to outline the relevant action steps that could be followed in order to meet the target of refining the specialist HR supported functions